At Sandringham Veterinary Hospital, one of the common orthopedic issues we see in dogs is a luxating patella—a condition where the kneecap (patella) moves out of its normal position. This can cause lameness, discomfort, and long-term joint damage if left untreated.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for a luxating patella can help pet owners ensure their dog’s comfort and mobility.
What Is a Luxating Patella?
The patella (kneecap) normally sits in a groove at the end of the femur, allowing smooth movement of the knee joint. A luxating patella occurs when the kneecap slips out of this groove, leading to an abnormal gait and discomfort.
This condition is common in small and toy breeds like:
- Chihuahua
- Pomeranian
- French Bulldog
- Poodle
- Yorkshire Terrier
However, larger breeds can also be affected, especially in cases of trauma or genetic predisposition.
What Causes a Luxating Patella?
- Genetics – Some dogs are born with shallow knee grooves or abnormal limb alignment.
- Trauma or Injury – A direct blow to the knee can cause luxation.
- Ligament Weakness – Weak supporting structures allow the patella to slip out of place.
- Bone Abnormalities – Poor limb alignment can put pressure on the kneecap, leading to luxation
Symptoms of a Luxating Patella
The severity of symptoms depends on how often and how far the kneecap moves out of place. Signs to watch for include:
- Skipping or hopping gait – The dog may lift its leg for a few steps, then walk normally.
- Sudden lameness – Your dog may suddenly refuse to bear weight on one leg.
- Limping or stiffness – Especially after exercise or prolonged rest.
- Pain and discomfort – Your dog may lick or chew at the knee.
- Arthritis development – Long-term joint instability can cause inflammation and pain.
Grades of Patellar Luxation
Veterinarians classify the severity of luxating patella into four grades:
- Grade 1 – The kneecap occasionally slips but pops back into place on its own.
- Grade 2 – The kneecap moves in and out easily, sometimes causing mild lameness.
- Grade 3 – The kneecap is out of place most of the time but can be manually repositioned.
- Grade 4 – The kneecap is permanently dislocated, causing severe pain and difficulty walking.
How Is a Luxating Patella Treated?
The treatment depends on the severity of the condition:
Non-Surgical Treatment (For Mild Cases)
- Weight management – Reducing excess weight relieves joint pressure.
- Joint supplements – Glucosamine and omega-3s help support cartilage health.
- Physiotherapy – Strengthening exercises improve knee stability.
- Pain management – Anti-inflammatory medications help reduce discomfort.
Surgical Treatment (For Moderate to Severe Cases)
- Trochleoplasty – Deepens the knee groove to keep the patella in place.
- Tibial Tuberosity Transposition (TTT)T – Realigns the patella’s attachment point to prevent luxation.
- Soft tissue tighteningT – Adjusts ligaments to provide better stability.
At Sandringham Veterinary Hospital, we perform patella surgery with a comprehensive recovery plan to ensure your dog regains full function and mobility.
Can a Dog Live With a Luxating Patella?
- Mild cases (Grade 1-2) – Many dogs manage well with lifestyle changes and joint support.
- Severe cases (Grade 3-4) – Surgery is recommended to prevent pain, arthritis, and long-term disability.
Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life!
Concerned About Your Dog’s Knees? Contact Us!
If your dog is showing signs of patellar luxation, our experienced team at Sandringham Veterinary Hospital can help diagnose the condition and discuss the best treatment options.
Call us today to book an appointment!